chasingthewind

Cougars or mountain lions, also known as pumas, are large, powerful and
aggressive predators. Found throughout Montana, a large male may weigh 130-
190 pounds while females average 90-130 pounds. Stretching up to nine feet,
nose to the tip of their tail, cougars are tawny colored with a dark tip at
the end of the tail. Young cubs have spots which slowly fade. A cougar has a
lifespan of up to 20 years.

Cougars were first hunted and killed for a bounty in Montana beginning in
1879. In 1971 the Montana legislature classified the cougar as a game animal
and as a result lions have regained much of their previous historical
distribution in the mountains of Montana. Prior to the arrival of the white
man, mountain lions were at one time the most widely distributed land mammal

in the western hemisphere ranging from northern Canada to the southern most
tip of South America. Now they are found mainly in the western United States,
with a strong population in northwestern Montana.

As carnivores, mountain lions prey on deer, elk, moose as well as beaver,
grouse, birds, rabbits and rodents and occasional domestic pets and livestock.

Domesticated cats are a favored prey. An adaptive and efficient predator,
cougars will often take down prey many times their own weight and size. It is
not out of character for a 100 pound lion to attack a 400 pound elk. Silent,
stealthy and deadly, a cougar will stalk or ambush its prey, most often with
a swift and vicious attack from behind or above.

Solitary and shy by nature, cougars are most active at dusk and dawn when
prey is active. Nature has provide the mountain lion with a special
adaptation for night vision, yet they are easily blinded when caught in the
beam of a flashlight or passing headlight. However, be aware and wary, these
dangerous cats travel at any time of the day or night.

Mountain lions first breed at about two years old and will then breed at any
time, although in Montana most of the cubs are born during the warmer months.
The gestation period is 92 days and lions normally give birth at two year
intervals. Young lions become independent and leave the mother at about one
year. They will however, travel with their litter mates for several months,
so it is not unusual to see this normal solitary cat in the company of other
lions.

Lions often cover unconsumed parts of their kills with litter and soil and
leaves. Should you ever stumble upon a lion’s cache in the woods, depart the
area immediately. The lion is probably watching and guarding its prey from a
tree above. A mountain lion in defense of food may suddenly become hostile
and attack readily. As population increases, more and more cougars are
sighted near and in urban areas. Drawn by the tantalizing aromas of backyard
barbecues, pet food and garbage, the big cats overcome their shyness and
visit town.

The following stories of recent cat attacks in Montana remind us to be
vigilant:

Townsend man kills mountain lion after it crashes through window and into his
house

Posted on August 9/08
By the Associated Press

HELENA - “A Townsend man said he had “a little excitement to start the
morning” when a mountain lion launched itself through a closed window at his
home and tore apart a room in his basement.
Scott Vine, a 45-year-old ranch worker, said the female adolescent cat set
off an alarm on his property at about 6:30 a.m. Thursday. “My dogs started
raising hell,” said Vine, whose wife and two stepchildren, ages 14 and 20,
were also home at the time. “I looked out the window and there was a lion.”
Vine said he grabbed his rifle moments before the mountain lion crashed into
his house. “That window exploded,” he said. “All of the sudden I had glass, I
had curtain, I had lion coming over my head.” Vine retreated upstairs as the
60- to 70-pound feline made its way to the basement, where it knocked items
from shelves and clawed at the walls. Vine and a friend who brought a shotgun
and a rifle with him killed the animal about 20 minutes later.

Rusty Ruchert, a warden for Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, said the
killing was a legal defense of private property, so Vine and his family only
need to worry about cleaning up the mess. The warden said the window looked
like a dark hole, and the cat probably thought it was a cave. “It was looking
for refuge and picked the wrong hole to jump into,” he said. The Vines live
northeast of Townsend, about halfway between the town and the Helena National
Forest boundary.”

Lion pounces on hunter - By JIM MANN/Daily Inter Lake
Published: Tuesday, November 13, 2007 12:37 AM CST

“Backpack saves man from more serious injuries

A big-game hunter was jumped by a stalking mountain lion Sunday in the Swan
Valley’s Squeezer Creek drainage. The young man, who was not identified by
Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, managed to walk several miles to reach his
vehicle, then drive himself to Kalispell Regional Medical Center for
treatment.

The hunter suffered a gash on his leg as well as puncture wounds and
scratches, according to a press release from Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks.
He was treated at the hospital and released on Sunday. Warden Chuck Bartos
interviewed the hunter several times and said the man was hunting alone
Sunday morning when he heard a scream that sounded like a mountain lion. A
short time later, he heard a growl and turned to see the mountain lion only
10 to 15 feet away.

“The man dropped his rifle and rushed to get behind a tree. The lion quickly
caught up and pounced on the hunter’s back, knocking him into the tree,” a
press release from Fish, Wildlife and Parks states. “The collision caused the
lion to lose its grip and the hunter was able to reach his pistol and fire a
shot.” The noise apparently spooked the lion, causing it to flee. As it ran,
the hunter fired several more shots in the lion’s general direction. The
hunter picked up his rifle and made his way back to his pickup truck, along
the way encountering two hunters from Kalispell, J.B. Stone and Scott
Daumiller.

“We asked him if he saw any game and he said, ‘a lion, but it saw me first,’”
Stone told the Inter Lake Monday. “I asked him if he was OK and he told us
what happened.” The hunter’s pants and backpack were torn, but he did not
appear seriously injured, Stone said.“He was pale and his hands were shaking
like a leaf,” Stone said. “He was still coming down off of this thing. I mean,
he was wound up.” Stone said the hunter told them he had run the four miles
back down the road while looking over his shoulder for the lion.
Bartos said the man got to the hospital with help from relatives and received
five stitches for a claw wound on his right calf. He was treated for
scratches on his back and a few puncture wounds on the back of his head.
Bartos said the man’s backpack probably prevented more serious injuries
because the pack was shredded, reflecting the protection it provided. Stone
agreed, saying that if he hadn’t been wearing a backpack, “he would have been
screwed.” Stone said the worst wound was on the hunter’s right calf, where
the cat slashed through the man’s gaiter and pants. He related one humorous
note from the injured hunter: “He said, ‘Oh, no, my wife is never going to
let me go hunting alone again.’”

Eric Wenum, a regional wildlife conflict specialist, said it was the first
documented lion attack resulting in an injury in Northwest Montana in many
years. Wenum said the chances of a lion encounter increase at this time of
year as hunters use calls and rattling antlers that get the attention of
predators as well as deer. As deer congregate in their traditional wintering
areas, signs of mountain lions can be expected to follow. Encounters between
people and the elusive cats have been rare. “Given the number of people who
recreate in the forests of Northwest Montana, and the number of lions, there’
s always lots of potential for an encounter,” said Jim Williams, regional
wildlife manager. “But even considering this potential, documented attacks
are extremely rare.”

Wenum said there is no response to a mountain lion that guarantees a person’s
safety, but there are some rules of thumb:

• Do not run from a lion. Move slowly and back away.
• Make enough noise in lion country to avoid a surprise encounter.
• Keep youngsters close and in sight at all times.
• Never approach a lion. Give it a way out of a close situation.
• Stay calm and talk to the lion in a confident voice.
• Do not turn your back; maintain eye contact.
• Do all you can to enlarge your profile. Do not crouch.
• If a lion behaves aggressively, arm yourself with a large stick.
• If the lion attacks fight back with whatever means you have.
• Pepper spray is very effective in deterring a lion attack.

Reporter Jim Mann may be reached at 758-4407 or by e-mail at jmann@

dailyinterlake.com

Marlene Affeld spends as much time as possible in the mountains of Montana and enjoys sharing this beautiful area with others. Visit Marlene’s site at http://nandugreen.com for quality goods.

By: Marlene Affeld

We live in a chaos filled world with commit-ments, family and professional pressures, personal challenges and seemingly overwhelming obstacles. Most days we manage. We think, if I can just get through next Thursday, next month or make it through the winter gray days I can get my life together. But time passes, the days race by and suddenly your life is rushing up at you.

When the burden feels too heavy, we feel depleted and unable to meet the many demands placed upon us and we experience stress.

In moderation, stress is actually a good thing. Stress motivates us to stay focused and alert and increases our productivity. One type of stress, eustress, is actually a necessary part of a balanced, meaningful life. Eustress is the type of stress we experience when falling in love, riding a roller coaster or participating in a risky activity or extreme sport. Eustress adds spice and flavor to our experiences, making us feel vital and alive.

Problems arise when life’s demands exceed our limitations and negates our ability to cope. This type of stress is called distress and can become an ominous threat to both our emotional and physical well-being. Stress impacts not only our bodies, but our thoughts, emotions, relationships and behavior.

When we feel threatened, whether for our personal safety or our emotional equilibrium, our bodies rapidly respond - we are ready for “flight or fight”. Stress is both a physio-logical and psychological reaction to events that disturb our personal sense of balance. Alarming experiences, either real or imagined, can trigger a stress reaction. When danger is sensed, the body’s defenses activate automatically with a wave of over 1400 reactions including the dumping of a huge variety of stress hormones, including adrenaline, cortisol and norepinephrine, into our systems. These chemicals race through our bloodstream, readying us to quickly react to the perceived danger.

We have all experienced a response to stress: rapid pounding or fluttering heartbeat, shallow breathing, blood pressure soars, muscles tensing up with anxiety and all our senses on full alert. It isn’t pleasant and is often terrifying. We feel out of control, spiraling downward, bracing for what can only be a dreadful crash.

This primal “flight or fight” response is experienced by everyone who encounters stress although the threshold that puts us in distress varies from person to person; what bothers me may not bother you, what frightens me, you may meet with confidence and assurance.

For primitive man this response was life saving in that it enhanced his ability to react to danger and physical challenges. In response to stress, heart rate and blood pressure escalate to increase the flow of blood to the brain to improve decision making, clotting occurs more rapidly to prevent blood loss and blood sugar rises to furnish additional fuel for energy. These and many more automatic changes in our bodies persist as long as the threat continues. When the danger passes our bodies return to normal.

Modern day stress tends to be insidious, more persistent and pervasive that our ancestors experienced. Contemporary stress most often originates from psychological rather than physical threats; however, our bodies do not recognize the difference. Unfortunately, our bodies respond with the same “flight or fight” response to any situation that upsets our personal balance. If we have a bad day at work, problems in our personal relationships or we are stuck in traffic, we react. Physical responses that are meant to support and protect us, are instead, potentially damaging and injurious to our health and well-being.

If you live a fast paced life with a lot of worries, obligations and responsibilities, it is likely that you are running on stress most of the time - escalating into emergency mode with every looming business deadline, family crisis or bill that is due. Repeated or extended activation of the “flight or fight” response is especially dangerous as the more it is activated, the more difficult it is to shut off. Instead of leveling off once a crisis is over, heart rate, blood pressure and stress hormones remain at an elevated level.

Continuous or prolonged exposure to stress increases our risk of memory problems, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, heart disease, stroke, infection or reduced immune function as well as obesity and stomach ulcers. Because of the extensive damage stress can cause, it is imperative that we learn how to handle stress in a more positive manner and reduce its corrosive impact on our health.

The symptoms of stress often mimic other medical problems. Lack of energy, decreased productivity at work, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, severe headaches, back ache or neck pain as well as chest pain, breathlessness, heart palpitations and cold, clammy skin can all be symptoms of stress.

Stress can severely affect our health and well-being and we may not even realize it until the damage is done. If we wish to be pro-active in the pursuit of optimum health, it is important that we understand stress, recognize the symptoms and then take affirmative steps to manage the predictable stress reaction triggers in our daily lives.

There are a number of ways to manage and reduce stress. First, try to find a supportive physician. Share with your doctor the emotions you are experiencing and the physical symptoms your body exhibits when you are exposed to stress. This is an important step in getting the help you need.

Cognitive therapy, a short-term type of psychotherapy based on the belief that we can change how we feel by changing the way we think about things, is often quite effective.

Stress reduction techniques, such as meditation and yoga, can be beneficial. Talking with family, friends or joining a support group can be emotional lifesavers and help offset our feelings of social isolation. A burden shared is lighter than one carried alone.

It is imperative to our heath and well-being that we make dealing with stress a priority. When stressed, decompress - it is helpful to withdraw from the situation, evaluate your feeling from a distance and gain perspective. Try to breathe deeply, take a walk, re-focus and attempt to think of something else. This too will pass.

Marlene Affeld’s passion for the environment and all things natural inspires her to write informative and insightful articles to assist others in living a Green Lifestyle. Marlene co-founded Nandu Green to bring eco-friendly products directly to your door.

By: Marlene Affeld

Have you noticed a gradual and progressive increase in the number of hairs lost when combing or brushing? Perhaps after months or years of vain denial, you have realized that the mirror does not lie, visible thinning has occurred. You’re not alone if you’re experiencing breakage, increased hair shedding or significant hair loss.

Many women may cover it up with wigs, hair extensions, hats or scarves. Others choose one of the several approved medications or surgical procedures that are available to treat baldness.

Excessive hair loss or balding is mistakenly perceived as strictly something that happens to men, although women actually make up to forty percent of American hair loss sufferers. In America, one in four, or over 30 million women will seek solutions and treatment for hair loss annually.

First of all, don’t panic! Hair loss or hair shedding is consistent within the hair growth cycle and it is normal to lose some scalp hair each day. The average human scalp has roughly 100,000 to 150,000 individual hairs and the normal hair growth cycle results in the loosening or shedding of about 100 to 150 hairs on a daily basis. New hair growth then emerges from these same previous dormant hair follicles, growing at the average rate of about half an inch per month.

Hair is composed of two separate parts: the follicle and the hair shaft. The follicle lies below the scalp and produces the hair strands that we see growing out of our head. The follicle is alive, however the hair strand is simply composed of dead cells that have no regenerative ability.

For most people, 90% of our scalp hair is always in a to six year growth phase (anagen) while the remaining 10% is in a dormant period (telogen), which lasts about three months. When the dormant period ends the hair is shed; these are the worrisome hairs we obsess over in our comb, hairbrush, on our pillow or down the shower drain. Relax, some hair loss is perfectly normal.

Baldness or Alopecia happens when the normal pattern of hair growth is disrupted. The normal pattern of human hair growth is growing, resting, shedding and growing again. If the growth pattern is out of balance, hair does not grow back as readily as it falls out. A family history of androgenetic alopecia increases your risk of balding. Heredity also affects the age at which you begin to lose hair and the development, pattern and extent of your baldness.

What concerns us is not these normally shed hairs, but the noticeable thinning we confront in the mirror. For a woman, thick, vibrant hair is our crowning glory, our vanity visible. A luxuriant full mane epitomizes the beauty of a woman and is integrally woven into our self image. Our culture strongly identifies femininity with a thick, silky head of hair. Throughout recorded history, images of shining, full bodied hair are associated with female beauty, youth, desirability and good health. Society unfairly identifies dry, lack luster and thinning hair with old age, sickness and poverty.

A dramatic decrease in self esteem is evident in women when their hair begins to fall out. Hair shedding is not physically painful, however it often causes severe emotional distress. We obsess over our thin tresses as we battle depression and self loathing. Women frequently become introverted and withdraw from the world. We avoid intimate contact and make futile attempts to disguise the quality and quantity of our hair.

Hair loss is especially injurious to those who have professions or careers where physical appearance plays a significant role. A young woman is especially vulnerable to the stigma of balding. Not until we are confronted with the loss of our hair do we fully realize how essential hair is to our overall persona.
A woman’s hair is at its thickest by age 20. Once we pass 20, however, our hair gradually begins to thin, shedding more than the normal 100-150 hairs a day. With aging, hair strands hold less pigment and become smaller so that what was once the luxuriant and thick hair of our youth becomes thin, fine and lighter in color. For even the elderly woman, significant hair loss can threaten self image. A woman’s sense of sexuality and femininity as well as her established place in family and society are often undermined by hair loss.

It is hardly surprising when a man starts balding. By the age of thirty-five about 25 percent of American men will experience some degree of appreciable hair loss and about 75 percent are either bald or have a balding pattern by age 60.

In men, hair loss is often perceived as a sign of virility, a demonstrable sign that his male hormones are functioning at maximum capacity. To project strength and masculinity, men often choose to shave their heads.

Although many men are quite dismayed by a receding hairline, research indicates that the psycological pain of hair loss does not affect men as adversely as it impacts women. What makes coping with hair loss so difficult is the frightening lack of control, the feeling of the inability to do anything to make our hair stop falling out.

Causes Of Hair Loss In Women

As we age, women face a multitude of changes and challenges: wrinkles, a widening waist, cellulite deposits and thickening ankles. It does not seem fair that for many of us hair loss is yet another blow to our self esteem.

Female pattern baldness or Androgenetic Alopecia is the most common type of hair loss in women and is genetic in nature. This type of female balding is caused by the chemical Dihydro-testosterone or DHT which builds up around the air follicle and over time destroys both the hair shaft and the hair follicle. Pregnancy or the onset of menopause may cause a fluctuation in the production of estrogen. Lacking sufficient estrogen to produce testosterone-blocking enzymes, testosterone is then converted to DHT on the scalp. The result is a shorter hair growth cycle, finer hair and excessive hair loss from shedding and breakage. Some women experience an increase in hair loss several months after delivering a baby.

Genetics aside, there are many other reasons why women lose hair. Surgery, extreme physical or emotional stress, hormonal imbalances, chemotherapy and scalp infections are but a few. Female hair loss can also be triggered by birth control medications, certain prescription drugs or result from the use of harsh chemicals or aggressive styling that can cause permanent damage to the fragile hair follicle. Excessive hair shedding may also be symptomatic of rapid weight loss from dangerous fad-dieting or an eating disorder such as anorexia. The use of street drugs such as cocaine will also exhibit sudden and severe hair shedding.

When To Contact A Medical Professional

Reacting intensely to the physical state of our thinning hair may seem like excessive vanity, but it is not. Baldness is not usually caused by disease, but is more commonly related to heredity, aging and hormone function. However, changes in hair appearance, texture and growth patterns may indicate serious health concerns. Hair is one of the first areas, along with skin and nails, to reflect nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalance and illness. It is wise to pay attention.

Women’s hair seems to be particularly sensitive to underlying medical conditions so it is important that women with undiagnosed hair loss be properly evaluated by a physician. If your thinning hair is a result of a medical condition, your doctor will treat these ailments and as a result you may experience significant growth of new hair.

Once you and your doctor have identified the cause of your hair loss you may be referred to a hair specialist or implant surgeon to learn about the treatment options available such as hair transplant procedures to promote growth or hide loss. For some types of alopecia, hair may resume normal growth without any treatment.

A healthy balanced diet, regular exercise, hydration and rest can go a long way towards preventing hair loss and maximizing the potential of your hair growth cycle. Although medical research is on going, the following have proven beneficial in growing and maintaining a healthy head of hair.

Nutrition

Poor nutrition is often an underlying cause of hair loss as the hair is a reliable indicator of nutritional well being. Discuss with your health care provider your diet, all medications and any supplements you may be taking. Dull hair color or dry and brittle hair may be indicators of a deficiency in essential fats in the diet, oily hair may be a sign of a B vitamin deficiency.

Recent medical studies have found that a high percentage of women with thinning hair are deficient in iron and the amino acid lysine. It is difficult to obtain sufficient lysine through diet alone. Lysine is important in the transport of iron and necessary to support hair growth. Lysine is found in eggs and red meat so vegetarians needs to be aware of this potential shortfall in their diets.

The amino acids L-Cysteine and L-Methionine are believed to improve hair texture, quality and growth.

Low-fat foods that rank high in protein, low in carbohydrates, can play a vital role in sustaining healthy hair growth and aid in preventing hair loss. Important essential fatty acids for maintaining hair health are found in walnuts, sunflower seeds, sardines, spinach, soy and canola oil. Omega 3 and Omega 6 Oils protect the heart as well as your hair so include salmon in your diet on a regular basis.

Herbal Remedies Offer Hope For Hair Loss

Discuss with your nutritional advisor or medical professional the benefits of herbs. The following natural plant derivatives have properties to encourage a healthy head of hair.
Aloe
Arnica
Birch
Burdock
Catmint
Chamomile
Horsetail
Licorice
Marigold
Nettles
Parsley
Rosemary
Sage
Hair Care

Always choose organic natural products to avoid the chemicals and toxins found in many hair care products. Harsh chemicals may strip the natural oils from your hair and lead to breakage and poor hair growth. Dye, hair straightening and permanent solutions are highly destructive to the hair shaft and follicle as well as the delicate sebum balance of the scalp.

Be gentle with your hair. Allow hair to dry naturally rather than using a hair dryer. A natural bristle brush is helpful in preventing damage. Do not style until completely dry. Wet hair is weak hair so handle with care. Avoid or break any bad habits you may have that pull or twist the hair. Try not to constantly run your fingers through your hair, tug at the hair and avoid hair clips or rubber bands that pull at and break off the hair. Minimize the usage of mousse, gels and hair sprays. These products dry and weigh down the hair shaft and dull the natural luster of your hair.

Avoid salt and chlorinated water when swimming. If exposed, always wash the hair with cool water and an organic gentle shampoo and apply a mild conditioner. Sun worshippers should make sure that hair care products have sunscreen properties to protect hair from the damaging affects of UV rays. Remember to wear a hat to prevent sunburn of the scalp.

Healthy Lifestyle

Hair loss is traumatic, however our hair is only part of who we are. I remind myself to keep my obsession with my hair loss in perspective and be happy with all the other areas of my life that are going right and in balance. Focus on the positive, eat well, rest well and be at peace with who you are. Remember, that for some, hair grows back as mysteriously as it disappeared.

Marlene Affeld writes for the Nandu Green team. Visit Nandu Green for healthy living options. Discover luxury skin care, mineral cosmetics, makeup, bath & body, hair & nail products, fragrances and candles from around the world!

By: Marlene Affeld

By negligently discarding plastic, especially plastic water bottles, fishing gear and plastic bags, people are unknowingly causing the deaths of millions of mammals, fish, birds and reptiles every year. We defile the face of the earth with plastic refuse.

Since the invention of plastic earlier this century, it has become a popular material used in a wide variety of unique and innovative applications. Plastic is used to make, or wrap around, many of the items we buy or use. The problem comes when we no longer want these items and how we dispose of them, particularly the throwaway plastic material used in wrapping or packaging. Plastic is handy, lightweight and easily discarded. Too easily discarded.

Plastics are not themselves the problem. They are useful materials which can be produced with relatively little damage to the environment. The problem is the excessive use of plastics in one-time applications together with careless disposal.

Take a look around you. Plastic bags can readily be seen hanging from the branches of trees, flying about on windy days, settled amongst grasses and floating on streams. They clog up drains, causing water and sewage to overflow and become the breeding grounds of germs and bacteria that spread disease.

Plastics are utilized because they are easy and inexpensive to manufacture, strong and durable. Unfortunately these same useful qualities make plastic an overwhelming pollution problem. Inferior quality and low cost means plastic is readily discarded. Plastics take around 300 years to photo degrade. Plastic’s long life assures its survival in the environment for extended periods where it can do great harm. Because plastic does not easily decompose and requires high energy ultra-violet light to break down, the volume of plastic waste in the world’s oceans is steadily increasing. Plastic is now found in virtually all the oceans and rivers of the world, even the most remote and once pristine.

American oceanographer Charles Moore says the amount of plastic pollution in the world’s oceans is so extensive it’s beyond cleaning up. A toxic plastic ‘graveyard’ double the size of Texas swirls in the waters of the Pacific between San Francisco and Hawaii. There his crew found that the water contained over 40 parts of plastic for every part plankton, with a fivefold increase in the amount of plastic between 1997 and 2007.

Annually, approximately 500 billion plastic bags are used worldwide. That is an unconscionable amount of waste, so much that more than one million bags are used every minute and their impact on the planet is devastating. Plastic bags are only part of the problem. America alone, yearly produces in excess of 800,000 tons of plastic bottle pollution. World-wide our precious planet is defaced and poisoned with more than 100 million tons of plastic pollution annually.

According to the California Costal Commission, over 80% of refuse within waterways, most of it being plastic, originates on land rather than coming from boats.

Plastic affects marine wildlife in deadly ways: entangling creatures and by being consumed.

Turtles are particularly devastated by plastic pollution. All seven of the world’s turtle species are already endangered or threatened for a multitude of reasons. Turtles become entangled in plastic fishing nets, and many sea turtles have been found dead with plastic garbage bags in their stomachs. Studies indicate turtles mistake these floating semi-transparent bags for jellyfish and eat them. The turtles die an inhumane death from choking or from being unable to eat. A dead turtle found off the coast Hawaii was found to have more than 1000 pieces of plastic in its stomach including part of a comb, a toy truck wheel and a lank of nylon rope.

There is great environmental concern about the effect of plastic trash on all marine mammals. These elegant creatures are already under threat for a variety of other reasons: e.g. seal and whale populations have been decimated by unregulated hunting. A recent study concluded that in excess of 100,000 marine mammals die needlessly each year from the deadly effects of plastic pollution.

World-wide over 100 bird species are known to ingest plastic particles. This includes 36 species found off the coast of South Africa. A recent study of blue petrel hatchlings at South Africa’s remote Marion Island showed that 90% of the chicks examined had plastic in their digestive systems, apparently fed to them accidentally by their parents. South African seabirds are among the worst affected in the world. Plastics remain in the bird’s stomachs, impeding digestion and causing starvation.

Scientific studies are not conclusive about how much plastic birds and fish are consuming; however scientist agree that plastic in seafood is likely to be harmful for people. Plastic is compared with better understood toxic materials such as mercury.

Plastic acts like a sponge when in contact with poisons such as PCBs, concentrating them at levels that are millions of time more than in seawater.

The ingredients in plastic have been linked to cancer and reproductive abnormalities. Bisphenol A, found in plastic water bottles, has been shown to produce cancer in lab rats, to disrupt hormone levels and is associated with diabetes and obesity.

Scientists also voice concerns that the massive swirls of floating plastic could contribute to global warming by creating a dense shade canopy that makes it difficult for plankton to grow.

Let’s look at a few different ways where “Together We Can Make A Difference”.

The crisis of plastic pollution demands urgent study and action. Businesses should be encouraged to reduce the amount of plastic used in packaging and to re-cycle.

Plastic wrapping and bags should be required to carry a warning label advising of the dangers of plastic pollution and shoppers should be encouraged to use eco-friendly shopping bags of organic, natural materials or recycled plastic fibers. Tell this to our law makers. The situation only continues to worsen. We must act now!

When a tax levy was imposed on plastic bags in Ireland, usage dropped by 90 percent. Several other countries have already banned the use of plastic bags with significant impact. America must follow their example.

Support re-cycling programs and promote environmental awareness in your local community. Be pro-active in asking governments to make changes and consumers to re-think their attitudes.

Purchase products requiring less plastic packaging and inform store management why you are doing so. We can speak with a loud voice when we speak with our “dollars”.

Choose to drink tap or carbon filtered water from a glass lined reusable container. If you do purchase plastic bottles, dispose to the container properly. Recycle.

With the increase in environmental awareness, it has become obvious that there is more that we can do to create a sustainable society. If every one of us would take a few tiny steps, make a few different choices and consciously consider our impact on the planet, there might be a way to restore the world to its original beauty and resources.

Nandu Green for eco-friendly products! Join us in protecting the diversity and quality of our environment. We can all contribute to a healthier, greener world.